Editorial: Secondary Dyslipidemias

INTRODUCTION The term “secondary dyslipidemias” is used to describe the quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in lipoprotein metabolism that complicate the course of other medical disorders. Although the precise prevalence of secondary dyslipidemias has not been determined, the increasing incidence of the conditions that predispose to their development (such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, end stage renal disease etc) implies that these alterations are very common in the every day clinical practice. Several lines of evidence suggest that the identification and appropriate management of secondary dyslipidemias is of paramount importance. Like primary dyslipidemias, the secondary changes in lipid metabolism significantly increase the risk for cardiovascular events [1, 2] as well as for other disease-specific complications. For example, the dyslipidemia of chronic kidney diseases may accelerate the deterioration of renal function in patients with renal failure [3], whereas diabetic dyslipidemia may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis in genetically predisposed individuals [4]. On the other hand, since the improvement of the underlying disease (if possible) usually results in the correction (at least in part) of lipid abnormalities, the proper identification of a secondary cause of dyslipidemia may help to the avoidance of unnecessary hypolipidemic treatment. In addition, some secondary causes of dyslipidemia (such as hypothyroidism and renal failure) may increase the risk of serious and potentially fatal adverse events after hypolipidemic drug administration [5, 6], thus their exclusion is obligatory prior to the institution of lipid-lowering therapy. Finally, the presence of dyslipidemia or its response to the conventional medical treatment may represent the first clinical sigh of an important underlying medical condition [7].